Niushou Mountain

Introducing Niushou Mountain
Niushou Mountain, a historical Buddhist site located southwest of Nanjing, is renowned for its natural beauty and spiritual heritage. Named for its resemblance to an ox’s head, the mountain boasts lush forests, serene ponds, and impressive vistas. The area is also home to diverse flora and fauna, creating a vibrant ecosystem that enchants nature enthusiasts.

Central to Niushou Mountain’s appeal is the magnificent Usnisa temple complex, a modern masterpiece of Buddhist architecture. This stunning structure is an unfathomable mishmash of spirituality, Zen, and exquisite craftsmanship. For those seeking a deeper connection to nature and spirituality, Niushou Mountain offers an unparalleled experience, from meditative walks along ancient pilgrimage paths to moments of quiet reflection overlooking the verdant valleys.

Niushou Mountain Fast Facts
• Chinese Name: NiúShǒu Shān 牛首山
• Elevation: 242 meters (794 ft)
• Religion: Buddhism
• Best Time to Visit: March to May; September to October
• Recommended Visiting Hours: About 3 to 4 hours
• Things to Do: Photography, History and Culture, Hiking
• Opening Hours: 8:30 – 17:30
• Entrance Fee: CNY145
• Address: 18 Ningdan Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province

What to expect at Niushou Mountain
Since the Tang Dynasty (618–907), Niushou Mountain has been revered as a holy Buddhist site, adorned with temples, pagodas, and burial tombs. When a fragment of the Buddha’s skull was allegedly found here, China spared no expense, spending an estimated 4 billion RMB (more than 600 million USD) to construct a new temple complex — the Usnisa Palace, Usnisa Pagoda, and Usnisa Temple. No trip would be complete without experiencing the fascinating complex, an unforgettable feast for the eyes.

Usnisa Palace
The Usnisa Palace combines different architectural styles in a truly unique way. Its exterior resembles a durian fruit, subtly hinting at the grandeur contained within its vast interior, which spans nearly 6,000 square meters. Upon entering, visitors encounter the Chan State Scenery (禅境大观), a cavernous hall on the scale of an airplane hangar. Softly illuminated, the space feels almost surreal; its immense size and vibrant colors evoke an otherworldly ambiance. Dominating this space is a colossal, reclining statue of Sakyamuni, measuring 7.5 meters (24.6 ft) in length, encircled by a delicate lattice ceiling. Alcoves housing Buddha figures, bronze trees, and LED lights further enhance the captivating atmosphere.

Deeper still lies another breathtaking sight: the Great Usnisa Hall, also known as the Thousands Buddhas Hall. Here, an endless array of Buddha statues lines the walls from floor to ceiling. This underground masterpiece stands as the pinnacle of Niushou Mountain’s artistry, displaying a mesmerizing array of features. Colorful marbles, luminous orbs, and crystal inlays create a dazzling spectacle. Serene Buddha figures, strategically positioned throughout the hall, inspire a sense of peace and wonder.

Usnisa Pagoda
The 88-meter (288.7 ft) tall, 9-tiered Usnisa Pagoda is a must-visit after exploring the underground marvels of the Usnisa Palace. Rising majestically in the style of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), this beautiful wooden pagoda isn’t just a piece of ancient architectural brilliance—it also offers incredible, sweeping views across the whole mountain and beyond.

For those with the energy, climbing to the 9th tier rewards you with an unforgettable vista. However, after a long day of exploring, many visitors find themselves content with reaching just the first tier, which itself provides a delightful glimpse of the surrounding beauty. Higher up, the 8th floor houses the magnificent bronze Usnisa Vajra Clock—a sight that’s often described as awe-inspiring. And for those who reach the top, the journey culminates in a serene encounter with yet another stunning Buddha statue. From this vantage point, you can marvel at the distant Yangtze River, shimmering like a ribbon on the horizon, merging seamlessly with the landscape.

Usnisa Temple
The story of Usnisa Temple is one of resilience and rebirth. Ravaged by war throughout its history, the temple has been destroyed and rebuilt multiple times, each iteration a testament to the enduring power of faith. Its latest reconstruction, completed in 2015, has resulted in a magnificent complex spanning an impressive 10,549 square meters.

More than just a temple, Usnisa is a living testament to Buddhist practice, thoughtfully designed to accommodate every facet of monastic life. Seven halls, each graced with intricate detail, offer spaces for quiet contemplation and worship. The complex is meticulously divided into five distinct areas: Lǐfó (礼佛), where devotees can offer their respects; Hóngfǎ (弘法), a serene space for the dissemination of Buddhist teachings; Zhāitáng (斋堂), a communal dining hall where meals are shared in mindful silence; Sēngliáo (僧寮), the monks’ private living quarters; and Cháyùan (茶苑), a tranquil tea house where visitors can find moments of quiet reflection amidst the beauty of nature.

As you wander through the temple grounds, breathe in the scent of incense mingling with the fragrance of ancient trees. Listen to the gentle chanting of monks and the soft whisper of wind chimes. Feel a sense of peace descend as you witness the timeless rhythms of monastic life—a sign that Usnisa Temple will always be a special place.

How to get to Niushou Mountain
• By Bus: Take bus 712, 755, G70 to Niushoushan Station.
• Charter a car/bus from GGC to enjoy a hassle free private transfer from hotels in Nanjing to Niushou Mountain.