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Youning Monastery
Introducing Youning Monastery
Youning Monastery is a renowned Tibetan Buddhist monastery of Gelug sect in Qinghai province. Youning Monastery was founded in 1604. Covering an area of 60,000 square meters, the Monastery encompasses various structures, including the Great Assembly Hall, the Small Assembly Hall, the Hall of Sakyamuni Buddha, the Hall of Maitreya Buddha, the Hall of Tara, the Hall of Palden Lhamo, and a white stupa.
This diverse collection of structures not only serves the religious needs of the monastery but also reflects a fascinating interplay of architectural styles, demonstrating the cultural exchange that has shaped Youning Monastery over centuries. Each cluster of buildings forms an enclosed courtyard, echoing the style of local residential architecture. The designs of the buildings showcase a fascinating fuse of Han Chinese and Tibetan styles. For instance, the wall decorations and the window and door styles are characteristic of Tibetan temples, while the roof forms are distinctly traditional mainland Chinese, even featuring the high-ranking hip-and-gable style.
Today, Youning Monastery stands as a significant tourist destination, attracting visitors with its unique blend of spiritual significance, architectural beauty, and stunning natural setting.
Youning Monastery Fast Facts
• AKA: Gönlung Jampa Ling Monastery
• Chinese Name: Yòu Níng Sì 佑宁寺
• Best Time to Visit: All year around
• Recommended Visiting Hours: 1 - 2 x hours
• Things to Do: Photography, Tibetan Buddhism, History and Culture
• Opening Hours: 7:00 – 20:00
• Entrance Fee: Free
• Address: Approx. 73 kilometers (45.3 miles) southwest of Xining
The History of Youning Monastery
In 1723, during the first year of the Yongzheng Emperor’s reign, Lobzang Danjin, the grandson of Güshi Khan, rebelled against the Qing (1644-1912), leading to numerous Gelugpa monasteries in Qinghai, including the prominent Kumbum Monastery, being caught in the crossfire. Nian Gengyao, a formidable Qing general, led his troops to conquer these monasteries. The Kumbum Monastery’s Living Buddha was executed, and Youning Monastery (then Guo Long Monastery) suffered severe destruction. Its main assembly hall and monks’ quarters were burned to the ground. The flames consumed invaluable treasures, including the 14-volume Kangyur and Tengyur (the Tibetan Buddhist canon), countless Buddha statues, sutras, and stupas. The monastery’s abbot, the Second Qetsang Living Buddha Losang Dondrub Gyatso, and hundreds of lamas were lured into a trap and killed. Guo Long Monastery ceased to exist.
In 1732, the Yongzheng Emperor ordered the reconstruction of Guo Long Monastery and bestowed upon it a new name: “Youning Monastery,” meaning “Monastery that Promises Peace.” This event marks a significant turning point in the history of Tibetan Buddhism in Qinghai, highlighting the complex relationship between the Qing Dynasty and the Gelugpa sect.
What to Expect at the Youning Monastery
Imagine a place where tranquility reigns and the spirit finds renewal. Youning Temple, a hidden gem tucked away in the mountains, offers just that. This secret sanctuary, known only to a few, invites you to discover a deeper connection within yourself and the natural world.
The Great Assembly Hall & The Small Assembly Hall
Youning Temple showcases the diversity within Buddhism, housing two distinct assembly halls that embody its major branches. The grand Great Assembly Hall serves as the center for Exoteric Buddhism, also known as Mahayana Buddhism. This branch emphasizes accessible teachings and practices, fostering compassion and wisdom through open sermons, public rituals, and bodhisattva veneration. Its spacious design reflects the inclusive nature of Exoteric Buddhism, welcoming practitioners from all walks of life.
In contrast, the Small Assembly Hall is dedicated to the more intricate practices of Esoteric Buddhism, often referred to as Vajrayana Buddhism. This branch delves into advanced techniques such as mantra recitation, complex visualizations, and intricate rituals aimed at achieving rapid enlightenment. Traditionally transmitted through specific lineages, these practices often require formal empowerment for practitioners to realize their full potential. The smaller, more intimate setting of the hall reflects the exclusive and specialized nature of these esoteric teachings.
The Hall of Palden Lhamo
In front of the hall, yellow, white, and blue khatas (ceremonial scarves) are gently draped around the pillars and window frames. This hall is dedicated to Palden Lhamo, known as Shri Devi or Magzor Gyalmo in Tibetan. Legend has it that Palden Lhamo was the consort (rather than daughter) of the Hindu god Shiva. Demons came to disturb Buddha during his meditation, but he subdued them with his Dharma. Palden Lhamo was among those who were conquered, and in that moment, she vowed to protect the Dharma.
Transformed by this encounter, Palden Lhamo is most commonly depicted in a wrathful and terrifying form, as the fierce emanation of Green Tara. She rides a mule with four eyes, earning her the nickname “Mule Goddess”. As one of the most important worldly protectors in Tibetan Buddhism, she is often invoked to dispel obstacles and safeguard practitioners on their spiritual path.
The Hall of Maitreya Buddha
Facing the Hall of Palden Lhamo, this hall is dedicated to Maitreya Buddha, the future Buddha. Inside, a tall and magnificent gilded bronze statue of Maitreya Buddha stands majestically at the center. His expression is benevolent, his demeanor dignified. Further enhancing the aura of reverence, the Four Heavenly Kings and Dharma Protectors flank the Buddha on either side. Turning towards the interior walls near the windows, one’s gaze is drawn to a series of portraits: the 10th Panchen Lama, the Five Sakya Forefathers, the Medicine Buddha, and Nāgārjuna. Adding to the serene ambiance, the fragrant aroma of incense fills the temple, creating a refreshing and calming atmosphere.
The Hall of Sakyamuni Buddha
The Hall of Sakyamuni Buddha is a grand space, its magnificence evident in the intricate details and the sheer scale of the enshrined deities. At the center resides Sakyamuni Buddha, the principal deity. To his right stand Red Jambhala, Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, Akasagarbha Bodhisattva, Manjusri Bodhisattva, and Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva, each an awe-inspiring figure. A narrow corridor behind Sakyamuni Buddha houses statues of Je Tsongkhapa, the revered founder of the Gelug school, and the formidable Yamantaka. Continuing around to Sakyamuni Buddha’s left, one encounters Maitreya Bodhisattva, Vajrapani Bodhisattva, Samantabhadra Bodhisattva, and Sarvanivarana-Vishkambhin Bodhisattva. The entire arrangement creates an atmosphere of harmony and dignity, inspiring reverence in all who enter.
The Buddhist Assembly
Locally referred to as “Guolong Langka,” the Buddhist Assembly is a prayer ceremony held twice annually at Youning Monastery. One assembly takes place on the 14th day of the first lunar month, and the other on the 8th and 9th days of the sixth lunar month. This event is not only a significant religious occasion for the temple but also a grand celebration of folk culture.
The Buddhist Assembly features a variety of religious activities, most notably a sacred masked dance called “Qianmu.” Performances within this tradition include the “Dharma King Dance” and the “Hayagriva Dance.” Devout followers also participate in activities such as offering tea and food, making charitable donations, and lighting lamps and burning incense.
How to Get to the Youning Monastery
• The Youning Monastery is located approx. 73 kilometers (45.3 miles) southwest of Xining.
• Charter a car/bus from GGC to enjoy a hassle-free transfer to the Youning Monastery.
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