Wang Family Compound

Introducing Wang's Family Compound
Wang’s Family Compound is located 50 km (31 miles) southwest of Pingyao in Shanxi Province. Wang’s Family Compound is one of the largest and best-preserved ancient residential complexes in China. Built during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912), this sprawling compound covers approximately 250,000 square meters (61.8 acres) and features over 230 courtyards and 1,000 rooms, making it 27 times the size of the renowned Qiao’s Family Compound.

Wang’s Family Compound uniquely blends Northern and Southern Chinese architectural styles. It features both the heavy brick and stone construction of the North and the intricate wood carvings of the South, alongside elaborate carvings and imperial influences. This unique combination reflects the family’s prosperity and high social standing, as they were prominent merchants and officials during the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing dynasties.

Interestingly, the surname Wang (王), meaning “king” or “ruler” in Chinese, was historically used by royals and privileged families. Today, it is the most common family name in China, with over 101.5 million people bearing the name, according to a 2019 analysis of China’s population information system. Although there are several Wang Family Compounds throughout China, this one in Shanxi Province is particularly noteworthy due to its immense scale and historical significance.

Wang's Family Compound Fast Facts
• AKA: Wang’s Grand Courtyard, Wang Family Mansion
•Chinese Name: Wang Jia Da Yuan 王家大院
• Best Time to Visit: Apr, May, Sept & Oct
• Recommended Visiting Hours: 2 - 3 x hours
• Things to Do: Traditional Chinese architecture, folk art.
• Opening Hours: 8:30 to 17:30
• Entrance Fee: CNY55
• Address: Jingsheng Village, Jingsheng Township, Lingshi County, Shanxi Province

History of the Wang's Family Compound
In 1312, during the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), a man named Wang Shi (王实) sought a new life beyond the bustling provincial capital of Taiyuan, Shanxi Province. He settled in a place where he could cultivate the land and, with entrepreneurial spirit, began selling bean curd (also known as tofu, a popular food made from soy milk that has been coagulated and pressed into solid white blocks). Over generations, the Wang family’s fortunes blossomed throughout the Ming Dynasty, their business expanding steadily. By the Qing Dynasty, their prosperity peaked, culminating in prestigious government positions for over 100 family members.

This newfound wealth manifested in grand mansions and sprawling compounds, their residences growing alongside their family and influence. Over two centuries, the Wang family constructed a testament to their success: five Bao (堡, a type of administrative division in China that has been abolished, formerly referred to small town in frontier or minority regions), five alleys, and a bustling business street. However, their legacy would be tarnished towards the end of the Qing Dynasty. Successive generations succumbed to decadence, their lives marred by opium addiction and public corruption. After 27 generations residing in their opulent home, the last members of the Wang family departed in 1996, leaving behind a legacy both grand and tragic. The estate, a silent witness to their triumphs and downfalls, opened its doors to the public in 1997.

What to Expect at Wang's Family Compound
Currently, only two of the colossal courtyards and one of the ancestral halls are open to tourists, comprising a total of 123 smaller courtyards and over 1,100 rooms. The opened areas are the Gaojiaya courtyard, the Red Gate Castle and Wang Clan Ancestral Temple. The three complexes accommodate 123 courtyards, 1118 rooms with an area of 45,000 square meters. Just as important as the scale of the complex is the distinctive architectural style and artistic finishing. As one moves from courtyard to courtyard, one can see an impressive collection of decorative lattice screens and windows, shaped openings between rooms and courtyards, and graceful roofs. The houses and courtyards feature carvings everywhere--in stone, brick, and wood--from the eaves of the houses and ridges of the roofs to window frames, timber joints, and doorways. Paintings, calligraphy, and Qing Dynasty furniture also decorate the houses.

The Wang family’s wealth and refinement whisper from every detail of this sprawling compound. Intricate latticework and graceful roofs adorn the courtyard. Inside, ornate carvings, captivating paintings and calligraphy line the walls, while exquisite Qing Dynasty furniture stands as a testament to the family’s enduring legacy. But this is merely a glimpse; step inside, and let the true journey through the Wang family’s history begin.

The Gaojiaya Courtyard
Built by brothers Wang Rucong (王汝聪) and Wang Rucheng (王汝成), Gaojiaya Courtyard stands as a testament to the 17th generation of the esteemed Wang family. Constructed between 1796 and 1811, every building within the compound meticulously adheres to the feudal hierarchy of the time, with each structure’s location, size, and decoration reflecting the social status and role of its inhabitants. The courtyard houses a series of elegant halls, chambers, and pavilions, each adorned with intricate wood carvings, painted beams, and vibrant murals.

Having survived the passage of time, Gaojiaya Courtyard now offers a unique window into the past. Today, it serves as a museum, offering visitors a glimpse into the life of the Wang family during the late Qing Dynasty. The museum exhibits an extensive collection of artifacts and treasures, including rare antiques, fine art, and everyday objects that once belonged to the family.

The Red Gate Castle
The Red Gate Castle, a breathtaking indication of Chinese architectural ingenuity, was meticulously constructed over a span of 54 years. From 1739 to 1793, this impressive structure took shape, covering a sprawling 25,000 square meters (6.18 acres). It boasts an intricate network of 29 courtyards and a total of 776 rooms.

The Red Gate Castle derives its evocative name from its singular red gate, the sole entrance to the compound, a vibrant symbol of power and prosperity. Beyond its striking facade, the castle itself is designed to resemble the Chinese character “王” (Wang). This deliberate choice elevates the castle beyond a mere residence, transforming it into a powerful statement of prestige and grandeur.

How to Get to Wang Family Compound
• The Wang’s Family Compound is located approx. 50 km (31 miles) away from Pingyao County.
• Charter a car/bus from GoGrandChina to enjoy a hassle free private transfer from Pingyao to Wang's Family Compound.