Xidi Ancient Village

Introducing Xidi Ancient Village
Xidi Ancient Village is a traditional village nestled 53 kilometers from Huangshan city. Xidi Ancient Village boasts nearly a millennium of history, having been founded in 1049. Its unique layout, resembling a boat anchored in a harbor, spans 10.7 square kilometers (4.13 square miles). The densely clustered houses evoke the image of cabins on a ship, while the archway and large trees at the entrance suggest a mast and sail. Surrounding farmland and paddy fields complete the nautical image, cradling the village like the waters of a harbor.

The village is distinguished by its remarkable collection of two hundred well-preserved Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1912) dynasty residences, showcasing quintessential architecture. These structures, constructed of wood, brick, stone, and notably black marble, feature intricate carvings. The understated elegance of white walls and dark grey tiled roofs, set against the backdrop of lush hills and clear waters, creates a timeless and refined atmosphere. The masterful layout, ingenious structure, exquisite decoration, meticulous construction, and profound cultural significance of these buildings set Xidi Ancient Village apart as a paragon of Hui-style (a distinct architectural style originating from the historical Huizhou prefecture in Anhui province) architecture and a rare example of such a well-preserved ancient residential complex.

Xidi Ancient Village Fast Facts
• Chinese Name: Xī Dì Cūn 西递村
• Best Time to Visit: All year around
• Recommended Visiting Hours: About 2 to 3 hours
• Things to Do: Photography, Architecture, Culture and History
• Opening Hours: 6:30 – 21:30
• Entrance Fee: CNY104
• Address: Yi County, Huangshan, Anhui Province

What UNESCO Says of the Xidi Ancient Village
Xidi and Hongcun are two outstanding traditional villages, located in Yi County, Huangshan City in south Anhui Province, with commercial activities as their primary source of income, family and clan-based social organization, and well known for their regional culture. The overall layout, landscape, architectural form, decoration, and construction techniques all retain the original features of Anhui villages between the 14th and 20th centuries.

Deeply influenced by the traditional culture of pre-modern Anhui Province, these two villages, Xidi and Hongcun, were built by successful officials or merchants returning home from official appointments and business, and gradually developed into models of conventional Chinese village construction. Xidi is surrounded by mountains and built along and between three streams running east-west, which converge at the Huiyuan Bridge to the south. Hongcun is located at the foot of a hill next to a stream which forms two pools, the Moon Pond in the centre of the village and the other to the south. Characterised by rhythmic space variation and tranquil alleyways; and with water originating from a picturesque garden, the whole reflects the pursuit of coexistence, unity and the harmony of man and nature. The unique and exquisite style of Anhui buildings is conveyed in plain and elegant colors, their gables decorated with delicate and elegant carvings, their interiors filled with tasteful furnishings. The rigid patriarchal system together with gentle and sincere folk customs reflects the cultural ideas of scholar-bureaucrats in feudal society who paid special respect to Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism. These surviving villages bear scientific, cultural and aesthetic values with their 600-plus-year history. They are rich sources for the study of regional histories and cultures.

What to Expect at the Xidi Ancient Village
While both Hongcun and Xidi achieved joint UNESCO World Heritage Site status in 2000 as part of the Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui designation, Xidi possesses a unique architectural character and profound cultural heritage that distinguishes it as an exceptional destination. Over 20 sites within the village are available, providing insight into the lives of the prosperous merchant families who once resided there.

The Hu Wenguang Memorial Arch
Also known as the Xidi Archway, it is a magnificent landmark at the entrance to Xidi Ancient Village, a testament to Ming Dynasty Hui-style stone carving. Built in 1578 to honor Hu Wenguang’s 32 years of government service, this imposing structure, bestowed by the imperial court, rises 12.3 meters (40 ft) high and spans 9.95 meters (32.6 ft) wide. Constructed from locally quarried stones, its exquisite carvings, including openwork relief, round carving, and line engraving, represent the pinnacle of the era’s artistry. Depictions like the “Kylin Frolicking” and “Deer and Crane Welcoming Spring” showcase the artisans’ skill and imagination. Three pairs of mythical fish-dragon adorn the roof ridge, their barbels seemingly alive, adding a unique touch to the archway’s already impressive beauty.

The Ruiyu Residence
Built in 1853 for a Hui merchant, the Ruiyu Residence’s architecture embodies the principles of commerce and prosperity. Ingot-shaped carvings inscribed with “wealth and honor” (富贵) adorn the gate, while the inscription “harmonious conduct” (履道含和) graces the right wall. The central skywell, designed according to the “four waters returning to the hall” (四水归堂) principle, symbolizes accumulating wealth, complemented by carvings of flowers and birds representing the four seasons. Three vertical couplets in the hall emphasize “The Way of Family Legacy” (传家之道), “The Way of Self-Cultivation” (修身之道), and “The Way of Commerce” (经商之道), further highlighting the merchant’s values and aspirations.

The Taoli Residence
The Taoli (Peach and Plum) Residence, a testament to Qing Dynasty craftsmanship, stands as a captivating relic of the Xianfeng era (1854). Commissioned by two brothers, a scholar and a merchant, this two-story Huizhou-style home eloquently reflects their combined sensibilities. Guests were welcomed in a formal front hall, overlooked by a balcony featuring an intricately carved wooden frieze. This frieze, a prominent display of auspicious symbolism, bore the Chinese characters for Fortune (福), Prosperity (禄), Longevity (寿), and Happiness (喜). A central courtyard, characteristic of Huizhou architecture, bathes the main hall in natural light and ventilation. The residence culminates in a breathtaking rear hall, where six exquisitely carved and lacquered wooden screen panels command attention. These panels, lining the walls, showcase masterful calligraphy and represent the pinnacle of artistic refinement within the home.

The Dujing Residence
The house of “Dujing” (Respect and Reverence), built in 1703, stands as a testament to the legacy of Hu Jitang, the Hu family’s revered ancestor. Within its halls, a portrait of Hu Jitang commands attention, depicting him in the regalia of his distinguished government career. His sapphire-topped official hat and ceremonial robe, richly embroidered with a peacock insignia, speak to his high rank and status. This visual representation of his accomplishments is further complemented by a thoughtful couplet inscribed on the pillars flanking the portrait.

The couplet offers a nuanced perspective on life’s pursuits, stating: “Scholarship, commerce, and virtuous pursuits are all worthy endeavors; beginning an enterprise is difficult, maintaining success is difficult, but understanding these difficulties is not.” This maxim alongside Hu Jitang’s portrait implies a connection between his success and this insightful philosophy.

How to Get to Xidi Ancient Village
• The Xidi Ancient Village is located approx. 53 kilometers (33 miles) northwest of Huangshan.
• Charter a car/bus from GGC to enjoy a hassle-free transfer to the Xidi Ancient Village.